Her kommer en ny mail om Y2K. Kan noen forklare meg hvorfor dette er et
ikke-tema både her på forumet og andre steder? Er temaet bare noe tøys som
det ikke er verdt å bry seg om, eller er det for stort og skremmende til at
vi kan forestille oss konsekvensene av eventuelle "uhell"?
Med vennlig hilsen
Kai Braathen
----------
>From: FoE Sydney - Nuclear Campaign <nonukes@foesyd.org.au>
>To: y2k-nuclear@egroups.com, y2k-nukes@envirolink.org,
uk-y2k-action@egroups.com, Abolition-caucus@igc.org,
abolition-usa@lists.xmission.com, abolition-europe@vlberlin.comlink.de,
nukenet@envirolink.org
>Subject: PLEASE SIGN NUKE WEAPONS DE-ALERTING LETTER AND FAX YELTSIN/CLINTON
>Date: søn 29. aug 1999 05:39
>
>PLEASE SIGN NUKE WEAPONS DE-ALERTING LETTER TO YELTSIN/CLINTON
>PLEASE FAX YELTSIN/CLINTON FROM SEPTEMBER 1
>PRESIDENT BORIS YELTSIN, +7-095-205-4330,
>PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON, +1-202-456-2461,
>
>Dear NGO,
>
>I am hoping that you will be able to add your name to this extremely
>important letter to Yeltsin and Clinton, asking them to take nuclear
>weapons off hairtrigger alert over the Y2K rollover period.
>
>(If you have already signed please excuse this message again.)
>
>I am also hoping that all of you will be able to send a fax to Yeltsin and
>Clinton, from september 1 onwards, on the same subject. (see previous email)
>
>The letter was officially released to media a while back in Sydney,
>Auckland, San Francisco, New York, Toronto, London, Moscow, Tokyo and
>Costa-Rica. At that time it had 271 organisations signed on to it
>including Friends of the Earth International and Greenpeace International,
>as well as the Centre for Defence Information, the British-American
>Security Information Centre, 22 Australian parliamentarians, 7 members of
>the European parliament, 4 Canadian MPs, 8 new Zealand MPs, and Rep Edward
>Markey. Congresswoman Cynthia mc Kinney has subsequently signed.
>
>I now have over 350 organisations signed on to it. (The version you have
>here is the Aug 6 version. That's why if you have signed recently you will
>not see your name here. I'm doing an update soon. it's a big job!).
>
>We intend to send it again and again to Yeltsin and Clinton.
>
>I hope you can sign it and better still get others to do so.
>
>Many thanks,
>
>John Hallam
>Friends of the Earth Sydney,
>17 Lord street, Newtown, NSW, Australia,
>Fax(61)(2)9517-3902 ph (61)(2)9517-3903
>nonukes@foesyd.org.au http://homepages.tig.com.au/~foesyd
>http://homepages.tig.com.au/~foesyd/nuclear/bbletter.html
>
>
>WORLD WRITES TO YELTSIN, CLINTON: TAKE N-WEAPONS OFF ALERT, AVOID GLOBAL
>NUCLEAR CATASTROPHE.
>
>DearAll,
>
>This letter was released Aug 6 in Sydney, and in Adelaide, Auckland, Tokyo,
>San Francisco, Toronto, New York, London, and Moscow.
>
>IT IS STILL OPEN FOR SIGNATURE!
>
>It was officially posted to Yeltsin and Clinton via the postal service, in
>front of TV cameras.
>
>Preliminary versions were faxed a month ago and last week. It will be faxed
>again and again.
>
>I trust that you will appreciate the extreme importance of this utterly
>vital issue.
>
>FROM:
>FRIENDS OF THE EARTH INTERNATIONAL,
>FRIENDS OF THE EARTH AUSTRALIA,
>FRIENDS OF THE EARTH NEW ZEALAND,
>FRIENDS OF THE EARTH ENGLAND WALES AND NORTHERN IRELAND,
>FRIENDS OF THE EARTH EL SALVADOR,
>FRIENDS OF THE EARTH NIGERIA,
>FRIENDS OF THE EARTH UKRAINE,
>FRIENDS OF THE EARTH GEORGIA, (TBILSI)
>FRIENDS OF THE EARTH FINLAND,
>FRIENDS OF THE EARTH DENMARK,
>FRIENDS OF THE EARTH ESTONIA
>FRIENDS OF THE EARTH FRANCE,
>FRIENDS OF THE EARTH CYPRUS,
>FRIENDS OF THE EARTH JAPAN SIBERIA PROGRAM,
>FRIENDS OF THE EARTH AUSTRIA (GLOBAL-2000)
>FRIENDS OF THE EARTH MACEDONIA,
>FRIENDS OF THE EARTH BULGARIA/ECOGLASNOST, SOFIA, BULGARIA
>
>
>AUSTRALIAN PEACE COMMITTEE,
>MEDICAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE PREVENTION OF WAR,
>PAX CHRISTI N.S.W.,
>UNITING CHURCH OF AUSTRALIA,
>WAYSIDE CHAPEL, UNITING CHURCH IN AUSTRALIA,
>PITT STREET UNITING CHURCH, PITT ST, SYDNEY,
>ST JOHNS ANGLICAN CHURCH, DARLINGHURST, SYDNEY,
>CAMPAIGN FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND DISARMAMENT (CICD) AUSTRALIA,
>AUSTRALIAN ANTI-BASES CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE,
>PEOPLE FOR NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, N.S.W.,
>WAR RESISTERS INTERNATIONAL AUSTRALIA,
>THE WILDERNESS SOCIETY,
>AUSTRALIAN CONSERVATION FOUNDATION,
>ENVIRONMENT CENTRE OF THE NORTHERN TERRITORY,
>ARID LANDS ENVIRONMENT CENTRE,
>ENVIRONMENT CENTRE OF W.A.,
>ANTI-URANIUM COALITION OF W.A.,
>PEOPLE FOR NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT WESTERN AUSTRALIA,
>CENTRE FOR URBAN ECOLOGY, S.A.,
>EVERYONE FOR A NUCLEAR-FREE FUTURE LISMORE,
>BIG SCRUB ENVIRONMENT CENTRE,
>EVERYONE FOR A NUCLEAR-FREE FUTURE GOLD COAST,
>EVERYONE FOR A NUCLEAR FREE FUTURE ADELAIDE,
>PACIFIC CONNECTIONS,
>TWO BILLION VOICES FOR PEACE PROJECT,
>UNITED TRADES AND LABOUR COUNCIL SA.,
>UNITED FIREFIGHTERS UNION OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA,
>MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS ALLIANCE S.A.,
>CFMEU, SOUTH AUSTRALIAN BRANCH,
>A.M.W.U., SA. OFFICE.,
>ALL-UNION GREEN CAUCUS,
>GRAHAM F. SMITH PEACE TRUST, SA.,
>RICHMOND RIVER SHIRE COUNCIL,
>
>SENATOR LYN ALLISON, VIC.,
>SENATOR MEG LEES, LEADER, DEMOCRATS, VIC.,
>SENATOR NATASHA STOTT-DESPOJA, DEPUTY LEADER AUSTRALIAN DEMOCRATS,
>SENATOR VICKY BOURNE, DEMOCRAT SENATOR FOR N.S.W.,
>SENATOR ANDREW BARTLETT, DEMOCRAT SENATOR FOR QUEENSLAND,
>SENATOR DEE MARGETTS, GREENS, W.A.,
>SENATOR BOB BROWN, GREENS, TAS,
>SENATOR GEORGE CAMPBELL, ALP, N.S.W.,
>SENATOR MARGARET REYNOLDS, ALP, N.S.W,
>SENATOR JIM MC KEIRNAN, ALP., W.A.,
>ANTHONY ALBANESE, ALP FEDERAL MP FOR GRAYNDLER,
>TANYA PLIBERSEK, ALP FEDERAL MP FOR SYDNEY,
>JANN MC FARLANE, ALP FEDERAL MP FOR STIRLING, W.A.,
>JILL HALL M.P., MEMBER FOR SHORTLAND,
>IAN COHEN, GREEN MLC, NSW.,
>LEE RHIANNON, GREEN MLC, NSW.,
>SANDRA KANCK, DEMOCRAT MLC, S.A.,
>IAN GILFILLAN, DEMOCRAT MLC, SA,
>ROBYN GERAGHTY, MP, STATE MEMBER FOR TORRENS, SA,
>FRANCES BEDFORD, MP, STATE MEMBER FOR FLOREY, SA.,
>JIM SCOTT, W.A., GREENS, LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, W.A.,
>LOUISE CROSSLEY, NATIONAL CONVENOR, GREENS,
>HANNAH MIDDLETON, PRESIDENT, COMMUNIST PARTY OF AUSTRALIA,
>
>WORLD COURT PROJECT UK,
>SENATOR DOUGLAS ROCHE, SENATE, CANADA,
>BRITISH-AMERICAN SECURITY INFORMATION CENTRE, US/UK,
>GREENPEACE INTERNATIONAL,
>JAPAN CONGRESS AGAINST A AND H-BOMBS (GENSUIKYO)
>INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LAWYERS AGAINST NUCLEAR ARMS (IALANA),
>WOMENS INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE FOR PEACE AND FREEDOM (Geneva/NY),
>CENTRE FOR DEFENCE INFORMATION, WASHINGTON, USA,
>
>CAMPAIGN FOR NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT U.K.,
>SAFFRON WALDEN GROUP AGAINST NUCLEAR WEAPONS,
>YOUTH AND STUDENT CAMPAIGN FOR NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT,
>WEST MIDLANDS CAMPAIGN FOR NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT,
>YORKSHIRE CAMPAIGN FOR NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT,
>MEDACT (IPPNW UK),
>TRIDENT PLOUGHSHARES 2000 NORFOLK UK.,
>NETWORK INFORMATION PROJECT, SOUTHAMPTON,UK, .,
>CAMPAIGN FOR ACCOUNTABILITY OF U.S., BASES,
>MENWITH HILL WOMENS PEACE CAMP, YORKSHIRE, UK.,
>GLOBAL NETWORK AGAINST WEAPONS AND NUCLEAR POWER IN SPACE,
>ANGLICAN PACIFIST FELLOWSHIP, MILTON KEYNES, U.K.,
>EPISCOPAL PEACE FELLOWSHIP, U.K.,
>ST BARTHOLEMEWS JUSTICE AND PEACE GROUP, ST ALBANS, U.K.,
>CHRISTIAN CAMPAIGN FOR NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, U.K.,
>CALDERDALE GREEN PARTY, YORKSHIRE, U.K.,
>PUBLIC INTEREST CONSULTANTS, SWANSEA, U.K.,
>CUMBRIA AND NORTH LANCASHIRE PEACE GROUPS U.K.,
>GREEN PARTY OF ENGLAND AND WALES,
>Y2K COMMUNITY ACTION NETWORK U.K.,
>
>JEANETTE FITZSIMMONS MP, NZ GREENS,
>BRIAN DONELLY, MP,
>HARRY DUYNHOVEN, MP, NZ LABOUR,
>LIANNE DALZIEL, MP, NZ LABOUR,
>JUDY KEALL, MP, NZ LABOUR,
>PETER DUNNE, MP, NZ LABOUR,
>SANDRA LEE, MP, DEPUTY LEADER, ALLIANCE,
>LAILA HARRE, MP, ALLIANCE,
>DISARMAMENT AND SECURITY CENTRE, NZ,
>AOTEOROA/NEW ZEALAND PEACE FOUNDATION, AUCKLAND, NZ.,
>ENGINEERS FOR SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, N.Z.,
>NEW ZEALAND GREENS,
>NATIONAL CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE ON DISARMAMENT, N.Z.,
>PEACE ACTION DUNEDIN, N.Z.,
>PEACE COUNCIL OF NEW ZEALAND,
>ABOLITION-2000 NEW ZEALAND,
>IPPNW NEW ZEALAND,
>VETERANS FOR PEACE NZ.,
>ARCHITECTS AGAINST NUCLEAR WAR, NZ.,
>C.N.D., VETERANS NEW ZEALAND,
>CENTRE FOR PEACE STUDIES, UNIV. OF AUCKLAND, NZ,
>NEW ZEALAND NUCLEAR - FREE PEACEMAKING ASSOCIATION,
>WILPF AOTEAROA,
>CORSO AOTEAROA/NZ.,
>
>PACIFIC ISLANDS ASSOCIATION OF NGOS, BELAU.,
>COALITION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCING STATES OF NIGERIA,
>MALAYSIAN PHYSICIANS FOR THE PREVENTION OF NUCLEAR WAR,
>GREEN ACTION KYOTO,
>Y2K WORLD ATOMIC SAFETY HOLIDAY, SENDAI, JAPAN,
>SOUTH ASIAN COMMUNITY CENTRE FOR EDUCATION AND RESEARCH, NAGERCOIL, INDIA,
>AWAMI COMMITTEE FOR DEVELOPMENT, MULTAN, PAKISTAN,
>INDONESIAN NATIONAL NETWORK FORUM ANTI-NUCLEAR SOCIETY,
>ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROJECT FOR SUSTAINABILITY, (AEPS) THAILAND,
>MOVIMIENTO AUTORIDADES INDIGENAS DE COLOMBIA,
>
>ECODEFENSE KOENIGSBERG/MOSCOW,
>WISE-KALININGRAD,
>ANTINUCLEAR CAMPAIGN OF SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL UNION MOSCOW,
>PLATAN YOUTH GROUP, KALININGRAD,
>EDUCATIONAL COMMITTEE KALININGRAD REGIONAL DUMA,
>GREEN WORLD, SOSNOVY BOR, ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA,
>ST PETERSBURG PEACE COUNCIL, ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA,
>CENTRE FOR NUCLEAR ECOLOGY AND ENERGY POLICY RUSSIA,
>BAIKAL ENVIRONMENTAL WAVE, RUSSIA,
>
>ECOSENS, ROMANIA,
>COMMITTEE OF 100, FINLAND,
>PEACE UNION OF FINLAND,
>STUDENT NATURE PROTECTION GROUP, TARTU, ESTONIA,
>SWEDISH PHYSICIANS AGAINST NUCLEAR WEAPONS (SLMK - SWEDISH CHAPTER OF IPPNW),
>NORWEGIAN PHYSICIANS AGAINST NUCLEAR WAR (IPPNW)
>NORWEGIAN PEACE ALLIANCE,
>NORWEGIAN LAWYERS AGAINST NUCLEAR ARMS,
>INTERNATIONAL PEACE BUREAU, OSLO,
>PEACE MOVEMENT OF ESBJERG, DENMARK,
>WAR RESISTERS INTERNATIONAL, FREDRIKSHAVN, DENMARK,
>ALDRIG MERE KRIG (AMK) DENMARK,
>DANISH ASSOCIATION OF CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTORS,
>WOMENS INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE FOR PEACE AND FREEDOM (FRANCE),
>MOUVEMENT DE LA PAIX, FRANCE,
>INTERNATIONAL ALBERT SCHWEITZER FOUNDATION,
>DR SCHWEITZER HOSPITAL FUND, FRANCE/SWITZERLAND
>GLOBAL INITIATIVE FOR IMMEDIATE DISARMAMENT, SWITZERLAND,
>DARMSTAEDTER FRIEDENSFORUM, GERMANY,
>NUCLEAR-FREE AWARD, GERMANY,
>ANTI-ATOM PLENUM, BOCHUM, GERMANY,
>CITIZENS INITIATIVE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, LUECHOW-DANNEBURG, GERMANY,
>IPPNW HAMBURG,
>CENTRE FOR ENCOUNTER AND ACTIVE NON-VIOLENCE, BAD ISCHL, AUSTRIA,
>IPPNW AUSTRIA,
>ANTI-ATOM INTERNATIONAL, AUSTRIA,
>COORDINATION OFFICE OF AUSTRIAN ENVIRONMENT GROUPS, AUSTRIA,
>INDEPENDENT SALZBURG PLATFORM AGAINST NUCLEAR DANGERS, AUSTRIA,
>PLATFORM GEGEN ATOMGEFAHR, AUSTRIA,
>ENERGIE ZUKUNFT MOHTVIERTEL, AUSTRIA,
>CENTRUM ENERGIE, CZECH REPUBLIC,
>BURGERINITIATIVE UMWELTSCHUTZ, BUDWEIS, CZECH REPUBLIC.,
>FOR MOTHER EARTH INTERNATIONAL, GHENT, BELGIUM,
>WORLD INFORMATION SERVICE ON ENERGY, AMSTERDAM,
>MDB ENERGY PROJECT, NETHERLANDS,
>FOR MOTHER EARTH NETHERLANDS,
>CENTRE FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, NETHERLANDS,
>GLOBAL ANTI - NUCLEAR ALLIANCE, NETHERLANDS,
>ANPED (NORTHERN ALLIANCE FOR SUSTAINABILITY) NETH,
>ASEED- EUROPE, (AMSTERDAM)
>STROHALM (UTRECHT) NETHERLANDS,
>ITALIAN LAWYERS AGAINST NUCLEAR ARMS,
>
>MAJ-BRITT THEORIN, MEP, PRESIDENT, IPB.,
>ELIZABETH SCHROEDTER, MEP,
>ERNST GULCHER, MEP, GREEN GROUP, GERMANY,
>HEIDI HAUTALA, MEP, GREEN GROUP, FINLAND,
>GLYN FORD, MEP, LABOR, SW ENGLAND,
>OZAN KEYHUN, MEP, GERMANY,
>PER GAHRTON, MEP, GREENS, SWEDEN,
>
>CONGRESSMAN EDWARD J. MARKEY, (D-MASS) WASH, D.C.,
>GLOBAL RESOURCE ACTION CENTRE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT (GRACE) N.Y., U.S.,
>TRI-VALLEY CARES, LIVERMORE, CALIF, U.S.,
>NUCLEAR INFORMATION AND RESOURCE SERVICE, U.S.,
>WESTERN STATES LEGAL FOUNDATION, U.S.,
>NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL COALITION OF NATIVE AMERICANS,
>AMERICAN-INDIAN MOVEMENT OF OKLAHOMA,
>NUCLEAR-FREE NEW YORK,
>SAVE WARD VALLEY, CALIF, U.S.,
>METRO-BOSTON COMMITTEE TO DE-ALERT NUCLEAR WEAPONS,
>NUCLEAR AGE PEACE FOUNDATION, CALIFORNIA, U.S.,
>PHYSICIANS FOR SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, U.S.,
>LIVERMORE CONVERSION PROJECT, OAKLAND, CALIF.,
>ACTION SITE TO STOP CASSINI FLYBY,
>PROPOSITION-1 COMMITTEE, WASHINGTON DC, US.,
>HEALING GLOBAL WOUNDS, TECOPA, CALIF, U.S.,
>AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE,
>UNITING CHURCH OF CHRIST ROCKY MOUNTAIN CONFERENCE, PEACE AND JUSTICE TASK
>FORCE,
>ALL SOULS UNITARIAN CHURCH COLORADO SPRINGS, U.S.,
>METHODISTS UNITED FOR PEACE WITH JUSTICE, U.S.,
>QUEST MINISTRIES, OHIO, U.S.,
>CENTRE FOR MISSION EDUCATION, DENVER, COLORADO,
>INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR PEACE AND JUSTICE, SAN FRANCISCO, US,
>WAR RESISTERS LEAGUE, NY, USA.,
>NEW YORK STUDENT ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION COALITION,
>PEACE RESOURCE CENTRE OF SAN DIEGO, CALIF, U.S.,
>PROMOTING ENDURING PEACE, NY., U.S.,
>PROFESSIONAL NETWORK FOR SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, NY, U.S.,
>GRANDMOTHERS AND MOTHERS ALLIANCE FOR THE FUTURE,
>WOMENS ACTION FOR NEW DIRECTIONS,
>CENTRE FOR ENERGY RESEARCH, OREGON, USA,
>CITIZENS PROTECTING OHIO,
>OHIO CITIZEN ACTION,
>PORTSMOUTH/PIKETON RESIDENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY AND SANITY (PRESS),
>CONCERNED CITIZENS FOR NUCLEAR SAFETY NEW MEXICO,
>PEACE ACTION USA.,
>PEACE ACTION CENTRAL NEW YORK,
>METRO NEW YORK PEACE ACTION COUNCIL, USA.,
>PAX CHRISTI U.S.A.,
>PAX CHRISTI NEW YORK,
>PAX CHRISTI, MORRIS COUNTY, NJ, USA.,
>PAX CHRISTI TEXAS,
>PAX CHRISTI ST AUGUSTINE FLORIDA,
>FELLOWSHIP OF RECONCILIATION TASK FORCE ON LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARRIBEAN,
>ENVIRONMENTAL COALITION ON NUCLEAR POWER,
>CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA CITIZENS FOR SURVIVAL,
>THREE MILE ISLAND ALERT, PENNSYLVANIA, U.S.,
>ATOMIC MIRROR, CALIF, U.S.,
>NATIONAL CAMPAIGN FOR A PEACE TAX FUND,
>PEDALS FOR PEACE, SAN LUIS OBISPO, CALIF, U.S.,
>SACRAMENTO VALLEY CITIZENS ALONG THE ROADS AND TRACKS,
>NEVADA DESERT EXPERIENCE, NEVADA, U.S.,
>GRANDMOTHERS FOR PEACE INTERNATIONAL, CALIF, U.S.,
>TAI MEI PEACE ACTION, SAN GABRIEL, U.S.,
>SERIOUS TEXANS AGAINST NUCLEAR DUMPING, U.S.,
>STUDENTS FOR A SUSTAINABLE EARTH, W. MICHIGAN, U.S.,
>ALLIANCE FOR SURVIVAL, COSTA MESA, CALIF., U.S.,
>LONG ISLAND ALLIANCE FOR PEACEFUL ALTERNATIVES,
>Y2K-WASH CAMPAIGN BAY AREA CHAPTER,
>
>BILL BLAIKIE MP, HOUSE LEADER, NEW DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF CANADA,
>SVEND ROBINSON MP, HOUSE OF REPS, CANADA,
>JUDY WASLYCIA-LEIS, MP, WINNIPEG, CANADA
>VETERANS AGAINST NUCLEAR ARMS, CANADA,
>PHYSICIANS FOR GLOBAL SURVIVAL, CANADA,
>NEW GREEN ALLIANCE, CANADA,
>PACIFIC CAMPAIGN FOR DISARMAMENT AND SECURITY, BC, CANADA.,
>THE SIMONS FOUNDATION, VANCOUVER, B.C.,
>PLOUGHSHARES, CALGARY, CANADA,
>PLOUGHSHARES, SASKATOON, CANADA,
>ICUEC, (INTER-CHURCH URANIUM EDUCATION COMMITTEE) SASKATOON, CANADA,
>O.P.I.R.G., PETERBOROUGH, CANADA,
>UNITED NATIONS ASSOCIATION OF CANADA,
>ASSOCIATION OF SERBIAN WOMEN, CANADA,
>INDIGENOUS WOMENS NETWORK, CANADA/USA.,
>
>
>PRESIDENT BORIS YELTSIN,
>OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT,
>KRASNOPRESENSKAYA-2, MOSCOW, RUSSIA,
>+7-095-205-4219, +7-095-206-5173 +7-095-205-4330,
>
>PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON,
>WHITE HOUSE, WASHINGTON, US,
>+1-202-456-2461, +1-202-456-2883.
>
>WILLIAM COHEN, US SECRETARY OF DEFENCE,
>+1-703-695-1149,
>
>BILL RICHARDSON, US SECRETARY OF ENERGY,
>+1-202-586-9987.
>
>IGOR SERGEYEV,
>DEFENCE MINISTER OF RUSSIA,
>Znamenka-19, 103160, Moscow, Russia,
>+7-095-293-33-13, 247-2795, 247-2722, 293-3323.
>
>FOREIGN MINISTER OF RUSSIA,
>+7-095-244-3276, +7-095-244-2203,
>
>CC
>ALL HEADS OF STATE (BY EMAIL)
>ALL UN MISSIONS (BY EMAIL)
>
>Dear Presidents Yeltsin and Clinton, Defence Ministers and Defence
>Secretaries, Heads of State and UN Missions,
>
>The organisations above, representing millions of people worldwide, are
>writing to convey their extreme concern over the possibility that Year
>2000 (Y2K)-related computer failures in nuclear weapons systems may lead to
>an unacceptable risk of nuclear war by accident or miscalculation.
>
>In the current political situation this is most especially the case.
>According to Alexandr Arbatov, of the Defence Committee of the Russian
>State Duma, US-Russian relations are at 'the worst, most acute, most
>dangerous juncture since the US-Soviet Berlin and Cuban missile crises.'
>
>The danger during the Y2K rollover lies primarily in the possibility that
>spurious data may induce commanders, even at the highest levels, to
>mistakenly authorise the launches of nuclear weapons.
>
>Events similar to this have already occurred. For example:
>
>In the US in 1980, a malfunctioning computer chip sent spurious alert
>signals;
>
>In 1983 in Russia, satellites mistook glare off the tops of clouds for a US
>missile launch, (and disaster was averted by the refusal of the local
>commander to believe the warnings were real);
>
>In 1995, a Norwegian research rocket prompted a full-scale Russian alert.
>
>If Y2K breakdowns produce inaccurate early warning data, or if
>communications and command channels are compromised, the combination of
>hair-trigger force postures and Y2K failures could be disastrous. There
>should therefore be a 'safety first ' approach to Y2K and nuclear
>arsenals.
>
>Because none of the nuclear weapons states can guarantee that their
>nuclear- related computer systems are Y2K compliant, the only responsible
>solution is for them all to stand down nuclear operations. This approach
>should include taking nuclear weapons off alert status and decoupling
>nuclear warheads from delivery vehicles.
>
>The stakes involved in any nuclear exchange between Russia and the US are
>such that they dwarf any other considerations. The future of life itself on
>earth could be in doubt.
>
>In light of this, we strongly urge that you remove all strategic and
>tactical nuclear weapons from 'hair trigger' alert, and place them in a
>status in which at least hours and preferably days would be required to
>launch them.
>
>The Canberra Commission in August 1996, noted that terminating nuclear
>alert status would:
>--Reduce dramatically the chances of accidental or unauthorised nuclear
>missile launch.
>--Help set the stage for intensified cooperation on a more far- reaching
>disarmament agenda
>--Have a very positive influence on the political climate between nuclear
>weapon states.
>
>This last is especially relevant in the current tension between Russia and
>NATO, which has prompted Russia to withdraw from cooperation with the US on
>Y2K problems.
>
>According to the Canberra Commission,
>"Taking nuclear forces off alert could be verified by national technical
>means and nuclear weapon state inspection arrangements. in the first
>instance, reduction in alert status could be adopted by the nuclear weapon
>states unilaterally"
>
>If both sides are verifiably de-alerted, it will not be possible for either
>to launch a disarming first strike.
>
>The immediate stakes are so high, and the potential for global catastrophe
>so clear, that mutually verified de-alerting in the face of the Y2K
>computer problem must take precedence over all other considerations of
>politics and national security.
>
>
>Signed
>
>Kevin Dunion, Chairperson, Friends of the Earth International,
>John Hallam, Nuclear Campaigner, Friends of the Earth Australia,
>Wendy Johnson, Friends of the Earth New Zealand,
>Dr Patrick Green, Senior Energy, Nuclear and Climate Campaigner, Friends of
>the Earth England Wales and Northern Ireland,
>Ricardo Navarro, Friends of the Earth El Salvador,
>Nnimmo Bassey, Friends of the Earth Nigeria (Environmental Rights Action),
>Benin City, Nigeria,
>Viktor Khazan, Friends of the Earth Ukraine,
>Manana Kochladze, Friends of the Earth Georgia, Tbilsi, Georgia.
>Jan Kunnas, Friends of the Earth Finland,
>Bo Stroem, Friends of the Earth Denmark,
>Tonu Oja, Chairperson, Friends of the Earth Estonia, Tartu, Estonia.
>Amis de la Terre, Paris, France,
>Loukia Pavlidou, President, Friends of the Earth Cyprus,
>Oleg Svistunov, Friends of the Earth Japan Siberia Program,
>Corine Viellers, Global-2000(Friends of the Earth Austria)
>Daniela Stojanova, General Secretary, Friends of the Earth Macedonia,
>Maria Minkova, Deputy Chair, Friends of the Earth Bulgaria/Ecoglasnost, Sofia,
>
>Peter Garrrett, President, Australian Conservation Foundation,
>Helen Caldicott, MD, Founding President, PSR,
>Irene Gale, Australian Peace Committee, SA Branch,
>Denis Doherty, Secretary, Pax Christi NSW,
>REV. John Mavor, President, Uniting Church of Australia
>Rev. Ray Richmond, Wayside Chapel, Uniting Church in Australia,
>Pitt Street Uniting Church, Pitt St, Sydney,
>Rev. John Stanley, St Johns Anglican Church, Darlinghurst, Sydney,
>Julie Marlow, Australian Anti-Bases Campaign Committee,
>Babs Fuller-Quinn, Australian Peace Committee, National Committee,
>Susan Wareham, President, Medical Association for the Prevention of War,
>IPPNW Regional Vice-President, Aust.,
>Pauline Mitchell, Campaign for International Cooperation and Disarmament,
>Peter Jones, War Resisters International, Australia.,
>Alec Marr, National Campaign Director, The Wilderness Society,
>Mark Wakeham, Environment Centre of the Northern Territory,
>Deborah Metters, Arid Lands Environment Centre, Alice Springs, NT.,
>Rowena Skinner, Environment Centre of W.A.,
>Robin Chapple, Anti-Uranium Coalition of W.A.,
>Cherie Hoyle, Centre for Urban Ecology, SA.,
>Graham Daniell, People for Nuclear Disarmament, Western Australia.,
>Zohl D' Ishtar, Pacific Connections,
>Richard Goode, 2 Billion Voices for Peace Project,
>Ian Dixon, Big Scrub Environment Centre, Lismore,
>Isabelle Whyte, Everyone for a Nuclear-free Future, Lismore,
>Robin Taubenfeld, Everyone for a Nuclear-Free Future, Gold Coast,
>Jonivar Skullerud, ENUFF, Adelaide,
>Chris White, Secretary, United Trades and Labour Council, SA,
>Paul Martinella, State Secretary, CFMEU, SA,
>Trevor Smith, National Secretary, CFMEU, Forests and Forests Products
>Division, SA,
>Stephen Smith, Secretary, CFMEU, Furnishing trade Division, SA,
>Jacob Grech, Earthworker, All-Union Green Caucus,
>Mick Doyle, United Firefighters Union of SA,
>Paul Noak, Secy, A.M.W.U. SA Office.
>Martin O' Malley, Secy, CFMEU, SA Branch.
>Stephen Spence, Secretary, Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance, SA.,
>Leonie Ebert, Graham F. Smith Peace Trust, SA.,
>P.T. Muldoon, General Manager, Richmond River Shire Council,
>
>Senator Lyn Allison, Democrat Senator for Victoria,
>Senator Meg Lees, Democrat Senator for South Australia, Leader of the
>Australian Democrats,
>Senator Vicky Bourne, Democrat Senator for NSW.,
>Senator Natasha Stott-Despoja, Deputy Leader, Australian Democrats,
>Senator Andrew Bartlett, Democrat Senator for Queensland,
>Senator Bob Brown, Green Senator for Tasmania,
>Senator Dee Margetts, Green Senator for Western Australia,
>Senator George Campbell, ALP Senator for NSW.,
>Senator Margaret Reynolds, ALP, NSW,
>Senator Jim Mc Kiernan, ALP, W.A.,
>Anthony Albanese. ALP, Federal member for Grayndler,
>Tanya Plibersek, ALP, Federal member for Sydney,
>Jann Mc Farlane, Federal member for Stirling, W.A.,
>Jill Hall, M.P., Federal member for Shortland, NSW,
>Cheryl Davenport MLC., W.A.,
>Ian Cohen, MLC, Greens, NSW,
>Lee Rhiannon, MLC, Greens, NSW,
>Sandra Kanck, MLC,Democrats, S.A.,
>Ian Gilfillan, MLC, Democrats, SA,
>Robyn Geraghty MP, Member for Torrens, SA.,
>Frances Bedford, ALP State MP for Florey, S.A.,
>Jim Scott, WA Greens, Legislative Council, W.A.,
>Dr Louise Crossley, National Convenor, Greens, Australia,
>Hannah Middleton, President, Communist Party of Australia.
>
>Commander Robert Green RN (Ret'd), Chair, World Court Project UK,
>Felicity Hill, Womens International League for Peace and Freedom, Geneva/NY
>Martin Butcher, British-American Security Information Centre, US/UK,
>Stephanie Mills, Greenpeace International Nuclear and Disarmament Campaign,
>Bernice Boermans, Executive Director, International Association of Lawyers
>Against Nuclear Arms, (IALANA), The Hague, Neth.,
>Rear-Admiral Eugene J. Carroll, USN (retd), Deputy Director, Centre for
>Defence Information, Washington, USA,
>
>Dave Knight, Chair, Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, U.K.,
>Janet Bloomfield, Former Chair CND, Abolition U.K, Saffron Walden Group
>Against Nuclear Weapons,
>Bruce Kent, Vice-President, CND,
>Jenny Maxwell, West Midlands CND, Birmingham, U.K,
>Tigger Mc Gregor, Youth and Student CND, U.K.,
>Dave Webb, Yorkshire CND., U.K.,
>Anni Rainbow and Lindis Percy, Campaign for Accountability of American
>Bases, U.K.,
>Gillian Reeve, Director, MEDACT (IPPNW U.K),
>Jane Tallents, Trident-Ploughshares 2000, Norwich, Norfolk, U.K.,
>Di Mc Donald, Network Information Project, Southampton, U.K,
>Catherine Euler, Menwith Hill Womens Peace Camp, Yorkshire, U.K.,
>Catherine Euler, Global Network Against Weapons and Nuclear Power in Space,
>Sue Claydon, Anglican Pacifist Fellowship, Milton Keynes, U.K.,
>Mary H. Miller, Episcopal peace Fellowship, U.K.,
>Monica King, St Bartholemews Justice and Peace Group, St Albans, U.K.,
>Calderdale Green Party, Yorkshire, U.K.,
>Alan Francis, Chair, Green Party of England and Wales,
>Alan Watson, Partner, Public Interest Consultants, Swansea, Wales, U.K.,
>Nigel Chamberlain, Cumbria and North Lancashire Peace Groups U.K.,
>Paul Swann, National Coordinator, Y2K Community Action Network, U.K.,
>
>Jeanette Fitzsimmons, MP, NZ Greens,
>Brian Donelly, MP,
>Harry Duynhoven, MP, NZ Labour,
>Lianna Dalziel, MP, NZ Labour,
>Judy Keall, MP, NZ Labour,
>Peter Dunne, MP, NZ Independent,
>Sandra Lee, Deputy leader, Alliance,
>Laila Harre, MP, Alliance, NZ.,
>Dr Kate Dewes, Disarmament and Security Centre,
>Marion Hancock, Aoteoroa/NZ Peace Foundation, Auckland, NZ.,
>Gerry Coates, Engineers for Social Responsibility, NZ,
>Keith Locke, Foreign Affairs Spokesperson, NZ Greens,
>Llelwyn Richards, National Consultative Committee on Disarmament, NZ,
>Barbara Frame, Peace Action Dunedin, NZ.,
>John Urlich, Peace Council of New Zealand,
>Rev. John Murray/Dame Laurie Salas/Robin Halliday, Abolition-2000, New Zealand,
>Ian Prior, IPPNW New Zealand,
>Chris King, Veterans for Peace New Zealand,
>Derek Wilson, Architects Against Nuclear War, NZ,
>Robert E. White, Director, Centre for Peace Studies, University of
>Auckland, NZ.,
>John Gallagher, New Zealand Nuclear-Free Peacemaking Association, Aotearoa/NZ.,
>WILPF Aoteoroa,
>Jim Holdom, CORSO, Aotearoa/NZ.,
>
>Richard N. Salvador, Pacific Islands Association of NGOs, Belau,
>Tom Mbeke-Ekarem, Chair, Coalition of Petroleum-Producing States of Nigeria,
>Ron Mc Coy, Malaysian Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War,
>Petaling Jaya, Malaysia,
>Yumi Kukuchi, Y2K WASH Campaign, Sendai, Japan/USA,
>Aileen Mioko Smith, Director, Green Action Kyoto, Japan.,
>Hiroshi Taka, Assistant Secretary, Japan Council Against A and H-Bombs
>(Gensuikyo),
>S.P. Udayakumar, South Asian Community Centre for Education and Research,
>Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, South India,
>Asif Rasheed Leghari, Awami Committee for Development, Multan, Pakistan,
>Nana Suhartana, Indonesian National Network Forum Anti-Nuclear Society,
>Pipob Udomittipong, Alternative Energy Project for Sustainability, Thailand,
>Lorenzo Muelas, Movimiento Autoridades Indigenas de Colombia,
>
>Vladimir Sliviak, Ecodefense, Russia,
>Galina Raghouzhina, World Information Service on Energy (WISE) Kaliningrad,
>Alexandra Koroleva, Educational Committee, Kaliningrad Regional Duma,
>Mikhail Trofimov, Ecodefence! International, Kaliningrad,
>Alisa Nikoulina, Antinuclear Campaign of Social-Ecological Union, Moscow,
>Pavel Malyshev, Platan Youth Group, Kaliningrad,
>Oleg Bodrov, Green World, Sosnovy Bor, St Petersburg, Russia,
>Vera Brovkina, St Petersburg Peace Council, St Petersburg, Russia,
>Lydia Popova, Centre for Nuclear Ecology and Energy Policy, Russia,
>Marina Rikhmanova, Baikal Environmental Wave, Baikal, Russia,
>
>George Razvan Marcu, Ecosens, Romania,
>Malla Kantola, Committee of 100, Helsinki, Finland,
>Laura Lodenius, Peace Union of Finland, Helsinki, Finland,
>Pepe Mardiste, Student Nature Protection Group, Tartu, Estonia,
>Gunnar Westberg, MD., SLMK (IPPNW), Swedish Physicians Against Nuclear Weapons,
>Fredrick S. Heffermehl, President, Norwegian Peace Alliance,
>Frederick S. Heffermehl, Norwegian Lawyers Against Nuclear Arms,
>Frederick S. Heffermehl, International Peace Bureau, Oslo,
>Bjorn Hilt, Chair, Norwegian Physicians Against Nuclear War, (IPPNW)
>Poul Eck Sørensen, Peace Movement of Esbjerg, Denmark,
>Arne Hansen, War Resisters International, Fredrikshavn, Denmark,
>Majken Jul Sørensen, Aldrig Mere Krig, (AMK) Denmark,
>Anja Johansen, Militaernaegterforeningen, (Danish Association of
>Conscientious Objectors)
>Daniel Durand, Secretary, Mouvement de La Paix, France,
>Solange Fernex, Womens International League for Peace and Freedom, France,
>Chrystoph Wyss, International Albert Schwietzer Foundation, France/Switz,
>Chrystoph Wyss, Dr Schweitzer Hospital Fund, Switzerland,
>Dr Roland Schutzbach, Global Initiative for Immediate Disarmament, Switzerland,
>Xanthe Hall, Assistant Director, IPPNW Germany, Berlin,
>Regina Hagen, Darmstaedter Friedensforum, Germany,
>Claus Biegert, Nuclear-Free Award, Germany,
>Horst Hohmier, Anti-Atom Plenum, Bochum, Germany,
>Ilona Joerden, Citizens Initiative for Environmental Protection,
>Luechow-Danneburg, Germany,
>Dr. Herbert Richter-Peill, IPPNW Hamburg, Germany,
>Matthias Reichl, Centre for Encounters and Active Non-Violence, Bad Ischl,
>Austria,
>Dr Klaus Renoldner, President, IPPNW Austria,
>Claudia and Margit, Anti-Atom International,
>Claudia and Margit, Coordination Office of Austrian Environment Organisations,
>Heinz Stockinger, Independent Salzburg Platform Against Nuclear
>Dangers,(PLAGE), Salzburg, Austria,
>Josef Puehringer, Platform Gegen Atomgefahr, Austria,
>Josef Puehringer, Centrum Energie, Czech Republic,
>Josef Puehringer, Burgerinitiative Umweltschutz, Budweis, Czech Republic,
>Josef Puehringer, Energie Zukunft Mohtviertel, Austria.,
>Pol D'Huyvetter, For Mother Earth International, Ghent, Belgium,
>Peer de Rijk, WISE- Amsterdam, Netherlands,
>Ophelia Cowell, MDB Energy Project, Netherlands,
>Marjan Willemsen, For Mother Earth Netherlands,
>Ak Malten, Global Anti-Nuclear Alliance, Netherlands,
>Pieter Van Der Gaag, Deputy international Coordinator, ANPED, Northern
>Alliance for Sustainability,
>Frank Van Schaik, Transport Coordinator, ASEED-Europe,
>STROHALM, Utrecht, Netherlands,
>Kaj Leers, Journalist, Netherlands,
>David Boerma, Coordinator, Pacific Region, Centre for Indigenous Peoples,
>Netherlands.,
>Giorgio Nebbia, Professor Emeritus, Faculty of Economics, University of
>Bari, Italy,
>Dr Joachim Lau, Italian Lawyers Against Nuclear Arms,
>
>Maj-Britt Theorin, MEP, Sweden,
>Elizabeth Schroedter, MEP, Germany,
>Ernst Gulcher, MEP, Green Group, Germany,
>Heidi Hautala, MEP, Green Group, Finland,
>Glyn Ford, MEP, Labour, SW England,
>Ozan Keyhun, MEP, Germany,
>Per Gahrton, MEP, Greens, Sweden.,
>
>Congressman Edward J. Markey, (D-Mass), Capitol Hill, Washington, DC.
>Alice Slater, Global Resource Action Centre for the Environment, NY., USA.,
>Marylia Kelley, Tri-Valley CARES, Livermore, California, US.
>Mary Olson, Nuclear Information and Resource Service, US.,
>Jackie Cabasso, Executive Director, Western States Legal Foundation, US.,
>Grace Thorpe, National Environmental Coalition of Native Americans,
>Carter Camp, Chair, American-Indian Movement of Oklahoma, US,
>Bill Smirnow, Nuclear-Free New York, US,
>
>Molly Johnson, Coordinator, Save Ward Valley, Calif, USA.,
>William F. Santelmann, Metro-Boston Committee to De-Alert Nuclear Weapons
>David Krieger, Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, Santa Barbara, Calif, US.
>Robert W. Tiller, Physicians for Social Responsibility, U.S.A.,
>Dr Lachlan Forrow, Past Chair, IPPNW,
>Jonathan Mark, Action Site to Stop Cassini Flyby,
>Sherry Larsen-Beville, Livermore Conversion Project, Oakland, Calif, USA.
>Ellen Thomas, Proposition-1 Committee, Washington DC, US.,
>
>Diana Roose, Peace Education Director, American Friends Service Committee,
>Patricia Watson, Peacework, American Friends Service Committee,
>Robert Kinsey, Peace and Justice Task Force, Uniting Church of Christ,
>Rocky Mountains Conference,
>Rachel Keeler, Executive Director, Pax Christi, New York,
>Nancy Small, National Coordinator, Pax Christi, USA,
>Frank Dworak, Pax Christi, Morris County, NJ, USA.,
>Adam Eidinger, Pax Christi Washington Action Group, U.S.,
>Joyce Hall, Pax Christi Texas,
>Paul Villavisanis, Pax Christi, St Augustine, Fl,
>Betty Obol, SL, The Loretto Community, U.S.,
>Phil Mc Manus, Chair, Fellowship of Reconciliation Task Force on Latin
>America and the Carribean, U.S.,
>Heidi Cooper, All Souls Unitarian Church, Colorado Springs, US.,
>Howard W. Hallman, Methodists United for Peace with Justice, Washington, USA.,
>Guy Templeton Black, Quest Ministries, Ohio, U.S.,
>Bill Kelly, Executive Director, Centre for Mission Education, Denver,
>Colorado, USA.,
>
>Jennifer Olaranna Viereck, Coordinator, Healing Global Wounds, Tecopa, CA,
>USA.,
>Karen Talbot, Director, International Centre for Peace and Justice, San
>Francisco, California, US.,
>Chris Ney, War Resisters League, NY, USA.,
>Jasmina Arsova, War Resisters League,, NY. USA.,
>Holly-Poole Kavana, New York Student Environmental Action Coalition,
>Carol Jahnkow, Peace Resource Centre of San Diego, Calif, US.,
>Janette Michelle Cuevas, Executive Director, Promoting Enduring Peace, NY.,
>Babette Lindfield, Professional Network for Social Responsibility, NY, U.S.,
>Susan Lee Solar and Maria Mendez, Grandmothers and Mothers Alliance for the
>Future,
>Susan Shaer, Executive Director, Womens Action for New Directions,
>Peter Bergel, Centre for Energy Research, Salem, Oregon, USA.,
>Harvey Wasserman, Citizens Protecting Ohio, USA.,
>Sarah Ogdahl, Toledo Area Director, Ohio Citizen Action,
>Vina Colley, Portsmouth/Piketon Residents for Environmental Safety and Sanity,
>Jay Coghlan, Concerned Citizens For Nuclear Safety, New Mexico, USA.,
>Gordon S. Clark, Executive Director, Peace Action USA.,
>Diane R Swords, Peace Action Central New York,
>Fran Teplitz, Peace Action, Peace Action Education Fund, USA.,
>Sonya Ostrom, Metro New York Peace Action Council,
>Judith H. Johnsrud, Environmental Coalition on Nuclear Power, Pennsylvania,
>U.S,
>Judith H. Johnsrud, Central Pennsylvania Citizens for Survival, U.S.,
>Scott D. Portzline, Three Mile Island Alert, Pennsylvania, U.S.,
>Pamela Meidell, Atomic Mirror, Calif, U.S.,
>Tom Keirans, National Campaign for a Peace Tax Fund,
>Shiela Baker, Pedals for Peace, San Luis Obispo, Calif, U.S.,
>Inga Olson, Sacramento Valley Citizens Along The Roads and Tracks,
>Marc M. Blaise-Page, Nevada Desert Experience, U.S.,
>Earth-Savers, Syracuse, U.S.,
>Barbara Weidener, Grandmothers for Peace International, Calif, U.S.,
>Lyn Miles, Tai Mei Peace Action, San Gabriel, U.S.,
>Alan Moore, Butterfly Gardeners Association, Berkley, Calif,
>Don Moniak, Program Director, Serious Texans Against Nuclear Dumping,
>Amarillo, Tex, U.S,
>Andrew Nixon, Students For A Sustainable Earth, W. Michigan University, U.S.,
>Jack and Felice Cohen-Joppa, The Nuclear Resister,
>Marion Pack, Alliance for Survival, Costa-Mesa, California, USA.,
>Peggy Jacobs, Long Island Alliance for Peaceful Alternatives, U.S.,
>Jane Grossman/Laurie Grossman, Bay Area Chapter, Y2K WASH Campaign, (World
>Atomic Safety Holiday), USA/JAPAN,
>
>Senator Doug Roche, Canadian Parliament,
>Bill Blaikie MP, House Leader, New Democratic Party of Canada,
>Svend Robinson MP, House of Representatives,Canada,
>Judy Waslycia-Leis, MP, Winnipeg, Canada,
>Dr David Morgan, President, Veterans Against Nuclear Arms, Vancouver,
>Canada,
>Dr Barbara Birkett, President, Physicians for Global Survival, Ottawa, Canada.,
>Dr Ross Wilcock, Physicians for Global Survival, Canada,
>Dave Greenfield, New Green Alliance, Saskatoon, Canada,
>Patti Willis, Pacific Campaign for Disarmament and Security, B.C., Canada,
>Prof Eric Fawcett, Physics Dept, University of Toronto, Canada,
>Dr Jennifer Allen Simons, The Simons Foundation, Vancouver, B.C.,
>Sally Hodges, Chair, Ploughshares, Calgary, Canada,
>O.P.I.R.G., Peterborough, Canada,
>Genivieve Talbot, United Nations Association of Canada,
>Snezana Vitorovich, Association of Serbian Women, Canada,
>Priscilla Settee, Indigenous Womens Network, Canada/USA.,
>
>